Мухаммад Сиддик аль-Муншави

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Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE / al-Minshāwī, Muḥammad Ṣiddīq

(762 words) Muḥammad Ṣiddīq al-Minshāwī (1920–69) was an Egyptian reciter of the Qurʾān known for the emotional intensity of his style and for the extraordinary emotional effect of his recitation on his audience.

Born in Upper Egypt in 1920 into a family of Qurʾān reciters and religious singers (munshidūn), his training began at home where, under the tutelage of his father, he learned the basic principles of recitation. By the age of 11 he had memorised the whole text of the Qurʾān. His father sent him to his uncle in Cairo for further study with other scholars, and, by the age of 15, al-Minshāwī had mastered all the arts of tajwīd and recitation. Reciting all over Upper Egypt, his reputation spread “like lightning” (al-Shāfiʿī, 52). Following the lead of his father, he resisted the seductions of fame, showing no ambition to extend his reputation beyond Upper Egypt. However, a year after the 1952 revolution he was invited to audition in Cairo before the committee of religious scholars, poets, and musicians set up to establish and maintain a roster of talented reciters at the National Broadcasting Centre. His regular evening broadcasts made him a household name.

Al-Minshāwī was known as “the weeping voice” (al-ṣawt al-bākī) as he brought together the beauty of his rendition with a voice full of sorrow (ḥuzn) and humility (khushūʿ) that was choked with grief (shajan). Adab al-tilāwa, the code that regulates reciter intent and listener response, specifies these qualities as appropriate responses for those who hear the recited Qurʾān. The terms “sorrow” and “grief” are variously used to define ḥuzn but are inadequate in conveying the full sense of this concept as “ḥuzn is the awareness of the human state vis-à-vis the creator. With ḥuzn one knows true humility, awe of the divine, human frailty and mortality. This awareness, and the emotion it stirs on the part of the reciter, is communicated through the reciter’s voice and artistry, heightening the listeners’ sensitivity and awareness and moving them to tears” (Nelson, 89–100).

Musicians praised al-Minshāwī’s mastery of the melodic modes (maqāmāt; sg. maqām), his ornamentation, and the wide range of his vocal register (whereas the reputations of other reciters are linked to specific registers of the vocal range). Religious scholars praised his mastery of the rules of tajwīd and of the Qurʾānic disciplines, including the various “readings” (qirāʾāt). Al-Minshāwī had a profound understanding of the sacred text and that he had internalised—and not just mastered—the text explains the degree to which he was able to embody its meanings and communicate them to his listeners vocally.

Receiving many invitations from all over the world, al-Minshāwī recited for audiences internationally, receiving awards from many foreign leaders. Unfortunately, his reputation also inspired jealousy, including an attempt to poison him and to cut the microphone when he was reciting. He is said to have accepted that these events were the price of his fame, including his being stricken with the illness that eventually killed him, schistosomiasis (a disease cause by parasitic worms, also known as snail fever and bilharzia). He was the author of many books on various aspects of the Qurʾān, taught children, was involved in the calligraphic printing of the Qurʾānic text, and his scholarly opinions were frequently solicited and quoted by the media. One can count a generation of younger reciters among his imitators. Apart from his artistry, he lived an exemplary life according to the dictates of the Qurʾān, took care of the poor, and built a mosque in the name of his father in Cairo and a second mosque in Sūhāj.

Al-Minshāwī’s recitations continue to be well known and loved due to his impeccable tajwīd and the unique effect of his style on the emotions of his listeners.

Kristina Nelson

Bibliography Nabīl Ḥanafī, Nujūm al-ʿaṣr al-dhaḥabī li-dawlat al-tilāwa (Cairo 2011), chap. 15, Muḥammad Ṣiddīq al-Minshāwī. Misk al-khitām, 189–200

Kristina Nelson, The art of reciting the Qurʾan, Cairo 2001

Muḥammad al-Shāfiʿī, Muḥammad Ṣiddīq al-Minshāwī safīr al-samāʾ, al-Hilāl (Cairo 2014), 50–7

Islam Web, Nabdha ʿan ḥayāt al-shaykh Muḥammad Ṣiddīq al-Minshāwī, 2009, http://articles.islamweb.net/media/index.php?page=article&lang=A&id=150642 .

Cite this page Nelson, Kristina, “al-Minshāwī, Muḥammad Ṣiddīq”, in: Encyclopaedia of Islam, THREE, Edited by: Kate Fleet, Gudrun Krämer, Denis Matringe, John Nawas, Everett Rowson. Consulted online on 20 December 2022 <http://dx.doi.org.wikipedialibrary.idm.oclc.org/10.1163/1573-3912_ei3_COM_41061>

Ссылка

https://islamansiklopedisi.org.tr/minsavi-muhammed-siddik